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- $Unique_ID{BRK03687}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Dysthymia}
- $Subject{Dysthymia Depressive Neurosis Depression Mild Major Depression}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 760:
- Dysthymia
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Dysthymia) is not the
- name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to find the alternate
- names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Depressive Neurosis
- Depression, Mild
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Major Depression
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Dysthymia is a common psychological disorder characterized by a chronic
- but mild depressive state that has been present in an individual for more
- than two years. When the depressive state has lasted for several years, it
- may be difficult to distinguish between a person's usual functioning and the
- mood disturbance. Dysthymia is a chronic mood disturbance which is
- classified as a form of neurosis. It must be distinguished from Major
- Depression Disorders.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Dysthymia usually begins with an easily recognizable onset, and is followed
- by depression (or irritability in children or adolescents). During this
- period of depressed mood, there may be poor appetite or overeating, an
- inability to sleep (insomnia) or oversleeping (hypersomnia), low energy or
- fatigue, low self-esteem, poor concentration, difficulty making decisions and
- feelings of hopelessness.
-
- In order for an individual to be diagnosed as having Dysthymia, the
- depression must have lasted for a two-year period (one year in children),
- with periods of relief lasting no more than two months. The diagnosis of
- Dysthymia is made after an organic problem or prolonged use of medications
- (e.g., antihypertensives, recreational drugs, etc.), have been ruled out.
-
- Individuals with Dysthymia usually have some problems in social and
- occupational functioning due to the length of the depression rather than the
- severity. Hospitalization is rarely required unless there is a suicide
- attempt or an accompanying severe depression. There may also be problems with
- drug or alcohol abuse.
-
- In children and adolescents, relationships with peers and adults may be
- affected. Depressed children may react negatively or shyly to praise, and
- school performance may also be adversely affected.
-
- Causes
-
- Dysthymia may occur as a consequence of other mental disorders such as
- anorexia nervosa, the presence of physical symptoms with no physiological
- cause (somatization disorder), alcohol or drug dependence, anxiety disorder
- or chronic disabilities that cause a severe change in life style (i.e.,
- rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, etc.). In children and
- adolescents, predisposing factors may include a hyperactive disorder, a
- conduct disorder, mental retardation, a severe developmental disorder, or an
- inadequate, disorganized, rejecting and chaotic living environment.
- Dysthymia may also occur without a preexisting condition. (For more
- information, choose "Anorexia Nervosa" as your search term in the Rare
- Disease Database.)
-
- Affected Population
-
- Dysthymia occurs in both males and females. In adults, the disorder is more
- common in females than in males, while in children it appears to occur
- equally in both sexes. Dysthymia is more common in biological relatives of
- people with major depression than among the general population. Age of onset
- is most commonly under 21 years of age.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Dysthymia.
- Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Major Depression is a mood disorder characterized by severe depression
- with loss of interest or pleasure in all or nearly all activities for a
- period of at least two weeks. Symptoms may include appetite disturbance,
- change in weight, sleep disturbance, decreased energy, psychomotor agitation
- or retardation, feelings of worthlessness, excessive or inappropriate guilt,
- difficulty thinking or concentrating, recurrent thoughts of death and
- suicidal thoughts or attempts. This diagnosis is made only after it cannot
- be established that a physiological factor initiated and maintained the
- disturbance.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Dysthymia is psychological counseling with or without
- antidepressant drugs. In some patients heterocyclic drugs like desipramine
- followed by lithium carbonate may be helpful.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through July
- 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every
- entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please
- check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current
- information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Dysthymia, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- Manic/Depressive Association
- P.O. Box 753
- Northbrook, IL 60062
- (312) 446-9009
-
- National Mental Health Association
- 1021 Prince St.
- Alexandria, VA 22314
-
- National Alliance for the Mentally Ill
- 1901 N. Fort Meyer Dr., Suite 500
- Arlington, VA 22209
- (703) 524-7600
-
- National Mental Health Consumer Self-Help Clearinghouse
- 311 S. Juniper St., Rm. 902
- Philadelphia, PA 19107
- (215) 735-2481
-
- NIH/National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20205
- (301) 443-4515 or (301) 496-1752
- (800) 421-4211 (24 hrs.)
-
- References
-
- DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS, 3d.: R.L. Spitzer,
- et al., eds; American Psychiatric Association, 1984. Pp. 230-233.
-
- THE MERCK MANUAL, Volume 1, 14th Ed.: Robert Berkow, M.D., ed.-in-chief;
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Laboratories, 1982. Pp. 1514, 1531.
-
- THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DYSTHYMIA IN FIVE COMMUNITIES: RATES, RISKS,
- COMORBIDITY, AND TREATMENT. M.M. Weissman et al.; AM J PSYCHIATRY (July,
- 1988; Issue 145(7)). Pp. 815-819.
-
- THE EARLY-LATE ONSET DISTINCTION IN DSM-III-R DYSTHYMIA. D.N. Klein et
- al.; J AFFECTIVE DISORD (January-February, 1988; issue 14(1)), Pp. 25-33.
-
-